First isolation and characterization of the prototype strain of the SARSCoV-2 virus at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru

Introduction: Currently, isolated from SARS-CoV-2 virus exceed 600 million cases in the world. Objective(s): Isolation and characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic in Peru. Method(s): Twenty nasal and pharyngeal swab samples were isolated from SARS-CoV-2 using two cell lines, Vero ATCC CCL-81 and Vero E-6;virus identification was performed by RT-PCR and the onset of cytopathic effect (CPE) was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence and subsequent identification by genomic sequencing. One of the most widely circulating isolates were selected and named the prototype strain (PE/B.1.1/28549/2020). Then 10 successive passages were performed on Vero ATCC CCL-81 cells to assess mutation dynamics. Result(s): Results detected 11 virus isolates by cytopathic effect, and subsequently confirmed by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence. Of these, six were sequenced and identified as the lineages B.1, B.1.1, B.1.1.1, and B.1.205 according to the Pango lineage nomenclature. The prototype strain corresponded to lineage B.1.1. The analysis of the strains from the successive passages showed mutations mainly at in the spike (S) protein of the virus without variation in the identity of the lineage. Conclusion(s): Four lineages were isolated in the Vero ATCC CCL-81 cell line. Subcultures in the same cell line showed mutations in the spike protein indicating greater adaptability to the host cell and variation in pathogenicity in vitro, a behavior that allows it to have more survival success.Copyright © 2023 Anales de la Facultad de Medicina. All rights reserved.

EuroQol-5D-3L in Long Covid patients After Supplementation with EchA Marine®, a Sea Urchin Eggs Extract: a double-blinded, multicentrical study. (preprint)

Patients with Long COVID experience a significant decrease in their quality of life and the lack of effective treatment represents an unmet need in medical care and patient health. One proposed strategy for treating Long COVID is to increase the body's ability to restore immune balance by controlling inflammation with anti-inflammatory substances.For this reason, the aim of this double-blind study was to evaluate the supplementation of patients with EchA Marine®, a dietary supplement based on sea urchin eggs rich in Echinochrome A. This compound has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by activating the metabolism of glutathione and improvingmitochondrial mass and performance. The EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) is a standardized questionnaire assessing five dimensions of health: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression used as an instrument to measure health-related quality of life in clinical and economic studies. In this multicenter, double-blind, intervention study, we have demonstrated that the dietary supplement EchA Marine® can significantly enhance the quality of life of these patients, particularly in pain and discomfort; notably improving their quality of life and daily activity’s ability. EchA Marine® is an effective treatment option for Long COVID patients and with further research its efficacy could be further strengthened. Clinical trial registration number: NCT05531019. First posted September 7th, 2022.

Renal safety of liposomal amphotericin B in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

Introduction: Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) represent a good treatment strategy for critically ill patients according to its unique pharmacological characteristics and a relatively broad spectrum of action. The aim of the present study is to asses the impact on renal function of L-AmB during the first days of ICU admission in critically ill patients. Method(s): Retrospective, single-center case series of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted in ICU. Setting(s): 19-bed medical-surgical ICU of a community hospital. Time of study: 2 years. Study variables: APACHE II and SOFA at admission, clinical characteristics, oliguria and creatinine level at admission and 72 h after L-AmB treatment were recorded. Oliguria was defined as urinary output less than 400 ml per day or less than 20 ml per hour. Two groups of patients were selected according to whether or not they received anticipated antifungal treatment pending microbiologic confirmation or discarding of aspergillosis;dosage of L-AmB was 3 mg/kg/d. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 and quantitative variables were expressed as a mean +/- standard deviation. Result(s): 160 patients were included, 102 who received 3 days of anticipated treatment with L-AmB at ICU admission or at the beginning of mechanical ventilation were compared with patients without this treatment. There were not differences in age, median 65 [57-71] years, gender with 28% female and BMI (kg/m2), 30,4 [26,6-33,2]. APACHE II at admission was higher in the treated group of patients 17 [12-23] vs 12 [9-14]. SOFA was 7 [4-8] in the treated group of patients vs 6 [3-8]. There were not differences in urinary output between groups during the three first days of ICU stay. Table 1 shows creatinine levels. Conclusion(s): According to our retrospective analysis, L-AmB is safe in the first days of treatment in critically ill patients admitted in ICU requiring mechanical ventilation.

Comorbidities associated with mortality or devere disease in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Objective: To evaluate the comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and identify which ones are associated with severe COVID-19 disease and/or in-hospital mortality. Methods: Unicenter retrospective cohort study was performed. All patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 from March 1 to May 31, 2020 were included consecutively. A descriptive analysis of comorbidities at admission was made. We evaluated what comorbidities are associated with in-hospital mortality and/or severe COVID-19 disease using a binary logistic regression model. Results: A total of 336 patients were included in the study: 284 (84,5%) were discharged and 52 (15,5%) died during hospitalization. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was made by SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction in 317 patients (94%). Mean age was 66 + 14 years, 58% were men and Charlson Comorbidity Index was 1. In multivariate analysis, age >65 years (OR 2,65;95%CI 1,15 to 6,10;p 0,021), male sex (OR 3,26;95%CI 1,47 to 7,24;p 0,004), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (OR 2,11;95%CI 1,03 to 4,29;p 0,040), non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (OR 6,40;95%CI 2,25 to 18,21, p<0,001) and malignancy (OR 5,09;95%CI 2,28 to 11,34;p< 0,001), were identified as comorbidities associated with in hospital-mortality. Age >65 years (OR 1,87;95%CI 1,05 to 3,34;p 0,033), male sex (OR 2,86;95%CI 1,58 to 5,17;p<0,001), obesity (OR 1,82;95%CI 1,04 to 3,18;p 0,034) and obstructive sleep apnea (OR 5,26;95%CI 1,60 to 17,25;p 0,006) were associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Conclusions: Previous cardiovascular disease and malignancy are risk factors of in-hospital mortality while obesity and obstructive sleep apnea are associated with severe COVID-19 disease in hospitalized patients. Age >65 years and male sex are associated with both.

Digital Competence in Times of Covid-19: A Bibliometric Analysis

Digital competence is one of the key competencies for lifelong learning. Moreover, with the health emergency of COVID-19, the study on this competence arouses interest due to its contribution to digital transformation and educa-tional innovation. Given this, the objective of the study was to determine the status of the documents that relate digital competence and COVID-19. For this purpose, a bibliome-tric analysis of 308 research papers published in Scopus was conducted. It is found that the number of papers pu-blished in 2021 is multiplied by 3.3 times compared to 2020. Likewise, the journal Sustainability presents the hig-hest number of publications on this field of study;Spain is the country with the highest scientific production and specifically the University of Seville is the institution with the highest number of publications. With respect to coun-try co-authorships, it is found that Spain has the greatest influence in this field of study. It is concluded that there is growing research of an accessible and collaborative na-ture, especially in Spanish-speaking countries, as well as the existence of a recurrence of research on the digital competence of teachers and students for the effective im-plementation of e-learning.

Respiratory Outcomes in COVID-19 patients 3-6 months after admission to Public Health Hospital Maciel. Montevideo, Uruguay. A Follow up Cohort Study

To date, millions of people worldwide have recovered from COVID19, but concern remains on long-term impairment. We aimed to determine 3-6 months respiratory outcomes in a Latin American Public Health Hospital. Method(s): COVID-19 patients referred (April-June 2021,gamma variant breakdown) were enrolled, recalling epidemiology, demographic, comorbidities, laboratory, radiology, treatment and outcomes, performing spirometry, lung volumes, diffusing capacity (DLCO), walking test (6MWT);values< 80% of predicted were considered abnormal. Logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate covariates associated with DLCO abnormality. Result(s): 56 patients followed 6 months make up the cohort. 56,9 +/- 13,0 years, 58,9% female,46,4% ever smokers, 42,9% obesity (BMI >30), 37,5% hypertension, 23,2% diabetes, 16,1% heart disease, 16,1% asthma. 64% dyspnea (MRC>1), 50% fatigue, sit to stand Sp02% 94,7 +/- 3,9. Lymphocites103 /muL 413,3 +/- 625,7,D-dimer ng/ml 3050,9 +/-7226,1,ferritin ng/ml 641,8 +/- 1173,4, 21.4% radiology abnormality, 35.7% admitted to ICU, days stay 17,1 +/- 10,5. 3 vs 6 months: TLC 5,3 +/- 1,9 vs 5,16 +/- 2,3 p=0.05;FVC 3,10 +/- 0,9 vs 3,16 +/- 1,0 p=0.04;DLCO:17,2 +/- 6,0 vs 17,8 +/- 6,2 7 p=0.006;Sp02% in 6MWT 90,1 +/- 98,2 vs 91,1 +/- 3,6 p=0.05. 6 months: dyspnea 28.6%, fatigue 26.8%, abnormality in: FVC 12,5%,FEV1 16,1%,DLCO 58,9%,distance 6MW 28,6%. Abnormal DLCO correlations: age > 65 p=0.02,smoking p=0.04,heart disease p=0.04,dyspnea MRC>1 p=0.002, persistent fatigue p=0.05. Conclusion(s): At 6 months some COVID-19 patients maintain symptoms and impaired DLCO and are the main target for further follow up and intervention.

Risk of Aki in Covid-19 Patients: Clinical Course and Outcomes

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 0.5 to 25% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clinical severity and renal involvement are due to inflammation, immune and endothelial dysfunction. On the other hand, risk factors such as age, comorbidities, mechanical ventilation requirement, hypovolemia and MAP <65 mm Hg are associated with AKI development. This study aim to evaluate the development of AKI and determine the relationship between serum creatinine and inflammatory. Method(s): A single center, retrospective study involving 166 patients under the diagnosis of moderate to severe COVID-19 infection in Hospital General Regional 110 Oblatos, Guadalajara, Mexico. A consecutive sample was approached. AKI was determined and classify when changes in serum creatinine met KDIGO definition. Demographics, clinical and biochemical data, risk factors for AKI and RRT prescription were assessed and reported during diagnosis and discharge. Outcome measures were renal recovery, mortality and causes of death. Differences were compared using 2-sample t test for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical variables. Relationship between creatinine changes and inflammation markers were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS 28.0 and a P < 0.05 level of significance. Result(s): Mean age 59 +/- 18.38 years. 60 cases (36%) were diagnose as AKI. 41% were in stage 1, whereas 35% and 24% made up stage 2 and 3, respectively. Changes in serum creatinine (SCr) correlated with gender (r=0.155, p 0.48), changes in hemoglobin (r= -0.384, p < 0.01), neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (r= 0.229;p 0.003), serum phosphate (r= 0.555, p < 0.01), serum calcium (r= -0.210, p < 0.011), serum potassium (r= 0.555, p < 0.01), serum magnesium (r= 0.212, p < 0.012), D-dimer (r= 0.246, p 0.02) and (r= -0.322, p < 0.01). After adjusting model for cofounders, hospitalization length and age (OR: 3.03, CI 0.39, 11.56, p=0.033) trend to be a significant data, other cofounders in relation to the presence of AKI o changes in SCr were no significant with other potential outcomes. [Formula presented] Conclusion(s): The present study highlighted that the presence of AKI is associated the increased of inflammation, but the current evidence limits the outcomes in already none predictive factors. Further studies are needed to establish early strategies aimed to prevent AKI and its evolution in COVID-19 patients and pandemics ahead. No conflict of interestCopyright © 2023

Digital Transformation and Technological Innovation on Higher Education Post-COVID-19

The university is an important pillar in sustainable development;however, COVID-19 imposed new dynamics that called for rethinking university praxis to achieve this mission, and although the systematization of good practices is a powerful mechanism for understanding educational success, this perspective of positive change has been little developed. Hence, the present study aimed to identify positive cores of faculty in their successful post-COVID-19 performance. A qualitative methodological approach was deployed, with the Netnography method, complemented with elements of positive psychology, appreciative inquiry, and management of formative potentialities. The online community consisted of 1238 university teachers from 10 Latin American countries, who participated for two months in an appreciative interview as an asynchronous journey of constructive proposals, for the active co-construction of post-COVID-19 success factors. The findings reveal multiple affirmative topics grouped into nine positive cores, identifying two target categories: digital transformation and technological innovation, as well as the processes directly associated with their dynamization. Finally, the epistemic implications of the findings in theory and practice, and their relevance in the creation of a formative agenda of positive change for Latin American Higher Education, are presented. © 2023 by the authors.

SARS-CoV-2: a quick review of some of the available treatment options

Background: With more than 244 million cases worldwide, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected almost every country on the planet. Its impact on the health, economy, education and scientific systems, among others, has been significant. The search for therapeutic tools for the treatment and control of this new disease, COVID-19, has been intense, but it has not yet been possible to select a specific and effective drug for its treatment. Methodology: the objective of this work is to summarize the existing information, related to some of the most common drugs used in therapy against COVID-19, to achieve this a search methodology was used in scientific and general databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar) using keywords related to the topic of interest. The results show that the most common drugs used in the treatment of this disease have mostly been evaluated in clinical trials. Conclusion(s): despite almost two years passed since the first case of COVID-19, effective and specific drugs have not been developed or reassigned for the treatment of the disease and some of of the already evaluated have shown controversial results. Copyright © 2021, Revista Salus. All rights reserved.

Differences in Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Sequelae between Ards and Covid Ards Survivors

INTRODUCTION: Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a disorder with psychological sequalae often seen in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors after intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Studies have reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in up to 39% of ARDS survivors, and 66% have anxiety. COVID-19 respiratory failure often mirrors ARDS. We hypothesized that PICS symptoms would be worse in COVID ARDS secondary to longer ventilator hours and social isolation. METHOD(S): The cross-sectional study enrolled survivors of ARDS and COVID ARDS admitted after 01/01/20 for a pilot study to screen for PICS. We recruited participants through Facebook ARDS survivor groups. Participants completed the Impact of Events Scale-R (PTSD), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9;depression), and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Independent-Samples Mann- Whitney U and Chi-Square tests were used to examine group differences. RESULT(S): We analyzed data from 16 participants (ARDS 44%;COVID ARDS 56%);median age 34.5;63% female;88% white, 13% Hispanic. COVID ARDS had higher median ICU days (46 vs. 10) and ventilator days (35 vs. 8) than ARDS (p=.32). Family visitation occurred in 78% of COVID vs 86% ARDS (p=.69). Clinical PTSD noted in 56% COVID ARDS compared to 29% ARDS;p=.03). Moderate depression or higher noted in 46% of survivors with no difference between groups (p=.65). Moderate anxiety or higher noted in 44% of survivors;no difference between groups (p=.20). Of those working, 38% of COVID ARDS and 14% of ARDS were unable to return to work after discharge (p=.31). CONCLUSION(S): Both groups exhibited PTSD, anxiety, and depression, impacting their ability to return to work. COVID survivors were nearly twice as likely to screen positive for clinically significant PTSD;differences in PTSD may be explained by longer ICU stays and ventilator time. Interventions to reduce PTSD and early treatment for PTSD may be needed. Group differences for ICU days and ventilator days were clinically significant;statistical significance likely impacted by sample size. COVID ARDS survivors were less likely to have visitors, which may have contributed to PICS sequelae. It is unclear if personal protective equipment and strict isolation may have impacted visitation and contributed to higher PTSD in the COVID ARDS group.

Impact of COVID-19 in nutritional and functional status of survivors admitted in intensive care units during the first outbreak. Preliminary results of the NUTRICOVID study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: COVID-19 patients present a high hospitalization rate with a high mortality risk for those requiring intensive care. When these patients have other comorbid conditions and older age, the risk for severe disease and poor outcomes after ICU admission are increased. The present work aims to describe the preliminary results of the ongoing NUTRICOVID study about the nutritional and functional status and the quality of life of adult COVID-19 survivors after ICU discharge, emphasizing the in-hospital and discharge situation of this population. METHODS: A multicenter, ambispective, observational cohort study was conducted in 16 public hospitals of the Community of Madrid with COVID-19 survivors who were admitted to the ICU during the first outbreak. Preliminary results of this study include data retrospectively collected. Malnutrition and sarcopenia were screened at discharge using MUST and SARC-F; the use of healthcare resources was measured as the length of hospital stay and requirement of respiratory support and tracheostomy during hospitalization; other study variables were the need for medical nutrition therapy (MNT); and patients' functional status (Barthel index) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). RESULTS: A total of 176 patients were included in this preliminary analysis. Most patients were male and older than 60 years, who suffered an average (SD) weight loss of 16.6% (8.3%) during the hospital stay, with a median length of stay of 53 (27-89.5) days and a median ICU stay of 24.5 (11-43.5) days. At discharge, 83.5% and 86.9% of the patients were at risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia, respectively, but only 38% were prescribed MNT. In addition, more than 70% of patients had significant impairment of their mobility and to conduct their usual activities at hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary analysis evidences the high nutritional and functional impairment of COVID-19 survivors at hospital discharge and highlights the need for guidelines and systematic protocols, together with appropriate rehabilitation programs, to optimize the nutritional management of these patients after discharge.

Mixed Nephrotic/Nephritic Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient With SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Introduction: Glomerular diseases in children generally present as a variety of findings that include hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension. Glomerular diseases can be isolated to the kidney or present as a component of a systemic disorder. Emerging reports show that SARS-CoV-2 infection precedes the appearance of various autoimmune diseases. Case Description: Twelve-year-old Hispanic female with history of migraines, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and NAFLD, who presented with anasarca, fever, and fatigue. On exam, she had hypertension (138/89 mmHg) and anasarca with ascites. Labwork was remarkable for K+ 5.6 mmol/L, Cr 1.07 mg/dL, albumin 2.1 gm/dL, AST 48 IU/L, cholesterol 265 mg/dL, triglycerides 178 mg/dL, CRP 2.6 mg/dL and ESR 80 mm/hr. UA with >500 proteinuria, moderate blood, 100 RBCs, 49 WBCs, and negative leukocyte esterase and nitrites. A rapid strep test and Hepatitis Panel were negative. ANA <1:10, C3 complement level low at 36 mg/dL, C4 normal. Abdominal US showed hepatomegaly, echogenic bilateral kidneys, and a small pleural effusion. SARS-CoV2 antigen test was positive. She was managed with antihypertensives, albumin infusions, and furosemide. She was readmitted 2 weeks later from the Nephrology clinic since her creatinine was 1.5 mg/dL and she persisted with generalized edema. Repeat SARS-CoV2 PCR was negative. At this time, she presented ANA titer in >=1:1280, strongly positive SSA, SSB, and SM antibodies, low C3 (43.0 mg/dL) and low C4 (7.4 mg/dL). Renal biopsy specimens showed more than 50 percent of glomeruli affected with mesangial and extracapillary hypercellularity, segmental cellular crescents, interstitial fibrosis, and marked deposition of immunoglobulins and complement, consistent with lupus nephritis Grade IV. Discussion(s): Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition that has been described in correlation with SARS-CoV-2 infection in adult patients. Our patient fulfills SLICC criteria for SLE and a temporal relationship exists between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of SLE antibodies. SARS-CoV2 has also been reported to directly cause nephritis, although with more tubular than glomerular involvement. A renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis.

Educational Innovation and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges in the New Normal

The COVID-19 pandemic presented diverse circumstances and social effects. Among all of them, the sanitary confinement, the isolation, the suspension of academic and work activities stand out, as well as the loss of human lives, pedagogical, technological, academic infrastructure modifications, among others, which make up a new normality, a reality different from the one that styled Because of this, education has had to innovate and adapt to little explored scenarios, the use of Information and Communication Technologies, digital platforms, social networks, virtual modalities and, more recently, multimodal. While it is true, this is not entirely new within the educational scene, social distancing has propelled it in an unprecedented way. For this reason, the article explores the philosophical dimension of educational innovation, its theoretical foundations, the interaction with COVID-19, and the resulting proposals to face the new normality. It concludes with the urgency of innovating without losing sight of academic quality, training in critical thinking and humanistic reflection, giving space for new actors in the educational process, promoting an inclusive vision, supported by the growth of the digital society. © 2022, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved.

Education and Integral Ecology The Role of Family, Spirituality and University

This article asserts the need for education in order to move towards integral ecology and studies the role that the family, spirituality and the university can play in this formative task. The family has the primary right to educate and it is indeed the most important school. Spirituality "can motivate us to a more passionate concern for the protection of our world". The university must also play an important role, harmoniously integrating learning and social service, rather than reducing itself to a merely instrumental and transmitting function. Thus, a new relational paradigm will be possible, one that fosters family relationships and a holistic vision of reality. This urgent need has also been highlighted by the current Covid-19 pandemic. © 2022 Instituto Teologico de Murcia. All rights reserved.

Modelling the interplay of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United Kingdom.

Many COVID-19 vaccines are proving to be highly effective to prevent severe disease and to diminish infections. Their uneven geographical distribution favors the appearance of new variants of concern, as the highly transmissible Delta variant, affecting particularly non-vaccinated people. It is important to device reliable models to analyze the spread of the different variants. A key factor is to consider the effects of vaccination as well as other measures used to contain the pandemic like social behaviour. The stochastic geographical model presented here, fulfills these requirements. It is based on an extended compartmental model that includes various strains and vaccination strategies, allowing to study the emergence and dynamics of the new COVID-19 variants. The model conveniently separates the parameters related to the disease from the ones related to social behavior and mobility restrictions. We applied the model to the United Kingdom by using available data to fit the recurrence of the currently prevalent variants. Our computer simulations allow to describe the appearance of periodic waves and the features that determine the prevalence of certain variants. They also provide useful predictions to help planning future vaccination boosters. We stress that the model could be applied to any other country of interest.

The effects of quarantine on anxiety and emotional symptoms. Results of an online survey

Background: Quarantines may exacerbate the presence of emotional symptoms or anxiety. Aim: To explore the relation between time spent in lockdown and development of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Material and Methods: A survey including the GAD anxiety and PHQ-9 depression scores was answered online by 1,488 subjects aged 36 +/- 14 years (74% women), invited to participate through social networks. Both scores are validated for the Chilean population. Results: Most responders had a private health insurance system. Sixty seven percent had clinically significant depressive symptoms and 39% had anxiety symptoms. Spending four or more weeks of lockdown (quarantine) was associated with 1.6 times higher risk of developing depressive symptoms and 2.9 times higher risk of developing anxiety symptoms. Difficulties in access to health care increased 3.3 times the risk of developing depression. Suffering a respiratory disease increased 2.39 times the risk of developing anxiety. Conclusions: There was a direct association between depressive and anxious symptoms, and the time spent of quarantine.

Predictive factors of six-week mortality in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2: A multicenter prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to identify the risk factors associated with mortality at six weeks, especially by analyzing the role of antivirals and munomodulators. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive multicenter cohort study. SETTING: 26 Intensive care units (ICU) from Andalusian region in Spain. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included from March 8 to May 30. INTERVENTIONS: None. VARIABLES: Variables analyzed were demographic, severity scores and clinical condition. Support therapy, drug and mortality were analyzed. An univariate followed by multivariate Cox regression with propensity score analysis was applied. RESULTS: 495 patients were enrolled, but 73 of them were excluded for incomplete data. Thus, 422 patients were included in the final analysis. Median age was 63 years and 305 (72.3%) were men. ICU mortality: 144/422 34%; 14 days mortality: 81/422 (19.2%); 28 days mortality: 121/422 (28.7%); 6-week mortality 152/422 36.5%. By multivariable Cox proportional analysis, factors independently associated with 42-day mortality were age, APACHE II score, SOFA score at ICU admission >6, Lactate dehydrogenase at ICU admission >470U/L, Use of vasopressors, extrarenal depuration, %lymphocytes 72h post-ICU admission <6.5%, and thrombocytopenia whereas the use of lopinavir/ritonavir was a protective factor. CONCLUSION: Age, APACHE II, SOFA>value of 6 points, along with vasopressor requirements or renal replacement therapy have been identified as predictor factors of mortality at six weeks. Administration of corticosteroids showed no benefits in mortality, as did treatment with tocilizumab. Lopinavir/ritonavir administration is identified as a protective factor.